Are
we going into a recession?
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The
Economic Cycle:
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When
the economy is strong, most people are employed and making
money. There will then be a larger demand for goods such as
food, electronics & vehicles and this increases so much
that the supply can not keep up with the demand
This excess demand creates a rise in prices, or inflation.
As prices go up, salary's need to rise to keep up with the
rising prices of goods The rise in employment cost for companies
translates into a rise in prices for most items.
When the prices for goods and services get too high, consumers
decide goods are too expensive and slow down or stop buying.
When the demand decreases, companies lay off workers because
they don't need to make as much as before.
Decreasing demand fuels declining prices, which means the
economy is in a recession.
Companies counter act this by lowering prices to spur the
demand. As demand picks up, people begin buying again, fueling
the need for greater supply. And the cycle starts again. |
We have
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Search for recession proof careers, investments, businesses and
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EVER since the Oct. 19 stock market collapse, most
analysts have been saying that the economy would slow down as
a result, perhaps enough to send the nation stumbling into recession.
They argue that consumers, who account for two-thirds of the gross
national product, have lost both wealth and confidence and will
pull in their horns accordingly. Business executives could also
dampen the economy by deciding to scale back production or to
carry smaller stocks of goods.
How can we tell what's ahead? A discussion follows
of some of the broad economic issues of the day and of statistical
indicators that in coming weeks might show if a recession looms.
Question. The stock market is said to be one of
the more reliable predictors of business conditions. Does it determine
as well as forecast?
Answer. It could, but it doesn't have to. Whether
we get a recession depends mainly on the psychological reaction
to the market shock. A reduced ability to buy, though important,
is clearly a lesser factor.
Q. If people cut spending, doesn't that mean they
save more? Wouldn't that be just what is needed?
A. In the short term, a sharp cut in either private
or public spending would almost certainly produce recession. Even
some of the staunchest supporters of President Reagan's push to
reduce government are warning against too rapid a cut in the Federal
deficit.
In the long term, however, most economists agree
that the United States does need to save more and consume less.
Ultimately, the American standard of living depends on the nation's
productivity and this can't be increased without huge investments
in new technology, training and other things that allow us to
use our resources more efficiently.
Q. If the big worry now is recession, what are the
early signs?
A. The Commerce Department's monthly Index of Leading
Indicators, which next comes out Tuesday, was designed as a sort
of early warning system. And it has proved useful, though in recent
years it has come under attack. Some experts say some of the 11
components of the index are obsolete. For example, ''vendor performance,''
or the percentage of companies reporting slower deliveries from
suppliers, is less significant now that many companies find it
more efficient to keep stockpiles lean. But other components,
such as new orders for consumer goods, remain closely watched.
Q. Retail sales seem to have held up pretty well
since stock prices plunged. Isn't that reassuring?
A. Not entirely. Although the stock collapse was
indeed attention-getting, consumers may need time to fully recognize
their new situation and to put any needed spending curbs in place.
Some people, for example, have not yet received a mutual fund,
profit-sharing or other occasional financial statement since the
plunge. They may be sobered when they do. Many economists are
waiting anxiously to see how the Christmas shopping season goes.
Q. But it is good, isn't it, that the Federal Reserve
has responded to the drop by pumping more money into the economy?
A. Most economists think this was an essential step,
one that has, in fact, helped bring interest rates back down.
The danger, of course, is that the Fed will overstay this policy
and that the extra money will revive inflation, driving interest
rates up again and slowing business activity. It takes some months
for a definite trend to show up in, say, consumer prices, and
by then severe damage may have been done.
Q. How can one tell what the Fed is up to?
A. Watch the interest rate on Federal funds, which
are overnight loans among banks. Check Friday's newspaper to see
how much the banking system is being forced to borrow through
the Fed's discount window. Higher rates suggest a tighter Fed
policy.
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